| Year | Events and Comments (the largest BC year is the farthest in the past) |
| For Prior Timeline See 91 BC- 100 BC | |
| 101 BC | Alexander Jannaeus is king and high priest of Judea 103 BC – 76 BC. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. ~102-100 BC: Gaius Julius Caesar was born (by Caesarean section according to an unlikely legend) of Aurelia and Gaius Julius Caesar, a praetor. His family had noble, patrician roots, although they were neither rich nor influential in this period. His aunt Julia was the wife of Gaius Marius, leader of the Popular faction. |
| 102 BC | Alexander Jannaeus is king and high priest of Judea 103 BC – 76 BC. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 103 BC | Aristobulus I King and high priest of Judea ▼ dies. He was the eldest of the five sons. Alexander Jannaeus ▲ succeeds his brother Aristobulus I as king and high priest of Judea, 103 BC – 76 BC. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 104 BC | John Hyrcanus, prince (ruler) and high priest of Judea dies ▼ Aristobulus I ▲succeeds John Hyrcanus, becoming king and high priest of Judea, from 104 BC – 103 BC. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 105 BC Hebrew Calendar 3656–3657 | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. (Oct 6 BC Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus.) “The Roman army was slaughtered by the Lusitanians.” P. Rutilio Cn. Manlio At Rome, the first official gladiator match is demonstrated by gladiators from Capua, as part of a training program for the military. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 106 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 107 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. Sept 15, 107 BC: Rosh Hashanah: a Mystery Stone, a rock in New Mexico show the Ten Commandments in ancient Hebrew. Cyrus Gordon thought that ancient peoples visited the New World before Columbus. On the top of the mountain, there are the remains of dwellings and more Hebrew writings. The organization of the dwellings on the mountaintop plateau is reminiscent of Masada. But even more convincing is the star map engraved on one of the stones that records a solar eclipse dated to Sept. 15, 107 BC. That was the date of Rosh Hashanah of that year. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 108 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 109 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. 109 BC: Confederation of the Cimbri, Teutoni and Helvetii formed in Germany. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 110 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 111 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. 111 BC: Ancient Document “Agrarian Law” To read translated documents see: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/agrarian_law.asp |
| 112 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 113 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. 113 BC-439 AD: Germanic Wars between Germanic Tribes and the Romans. Antiochus IX Cyzicenus becomes king of Seleucid Persia Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 114 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. In a series of devastating attacks … more of a massacre, the Thracian Celts brought Roman expansion on the Balkans to a brutal halt |
| 115 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica. Son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 116 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. Ptolemy Apion, (flourished c. 116–96 BC), ruler of Cyrenaica. Son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. |
| 117 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. |
| 118 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. |
| 119 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. 119 BC: Mithridates VI or Mithradates VI ▲also known as Mithridates the Great (Megas) and Eupator Dionysius, was king of Pontus and Armenia Minor in northern Anatolia (now in Turkey) from about 119 to 63 BC. Mithridates was a king of Persian origin, and claimed descent of King Darius the Great. |
| 120 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. |
| 121 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. |
| 122 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. 122 BC: Ancient Document “Acilian Law on the Right to Recovery of Property Officialy Extorted.” To read translated documents see: http://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/acilian_law.asp |
| 123 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. |
| 124 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. Mithridates II ▲succeeds Artabanus I ▼as King of Parthia. Cleopatra II of Egypt and her brother Ptolemy VIII of Egypt reconcile. |
| 125 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. In Syria, Cleopatra Thea▲ succeeds to the rule of the Seleucid Empire on the death of Seleucus V ▼. She appoints Antiochus VIII Grypus (hood-nose) ▲as co-ruler. |
| 126 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. 126 BC: Egypt: Ptolemy Physcon (sausage) has Demetrius II chased and killed after Cleopatra II offers him the Egyptian throne. He gets no further than Pelusium, Demetrius was defeated in a battle at Damascus. He fled to Ptolemais but his wife Cleopatra Thea closed the gates against him. He was killed on a ship near Tyre, after his wife had deserted him. He had a miserable death -captured and possibly tortured. A civil war erupts between supporters of Physcon vs. Cleopatra II. In Rome, “Some temples on the Capitol were shaken by a storm at night. At Rome and around many places were destroyed by lightning. After an earth tremor Mount Etna spewed out fires from its cone wide and far. At the Liparian islands the sea boiled and burnt several ships and killed many sailors with its vapor, and a great number of dead fish were scattered about. The Liparian people too eagerly desiring them for their banquets, were ravaged by a stomach illness, to such an extent that a new plague devastated the island. According to the response of the haruspices, the prodigy portended sedition which was the case after this time.” M. Aemilio L. Aurelio http://www.alexthenice.com/obsequens/text/29.html |
| 127 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. |
| 128 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. |
| 129 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. Judea was freed from Seleucid rule on the death of Antiochus VII Sidetes in 129 BC in the Battle of Ecbatana. |
| 130 BC | John Hyrcanus 134 BC to 104 BC is prince and high priest of Judea. Pliny refers to the natives of Osroene and Commagene as Arabs and the region as Arabia. According to Pliny, a nomadic Arab tribe called Orrhoei occupied Edessa about 130 B.C. Orrhoei founded a small state ruled by their chieftains with the title of kings and the district was called after them Orrhoene. This name eventually changed into Osroene, in assimilation to the Parthian name Osroes or Chosroes (Khosrau), Edessa (Osroene) will become the city of the Shroud of Turin before its transfer to Constantinople. The repercussions of the Seleucid siege were initially a difficult set-back for Hyrcanus. Judea faced tough economic times after the countryside was plundered and Jerusalem was under siege. Economic struggles were greatly magnified by taxes to the Seleucids enforced by Antiochus. Furthermore, Hyrcanus was forced to accompany Antiochus on his eastern campaign in 130 BC. Hyrcanus probably would have functioned as the military commander of a Jewish company in the campaign. Instead of governing a devastated Judean state, Hyrcanus was in Parthia fighting alongside Antiochus. “When Antiochus king of Syria was fighting with a vast army, swallows made a nest in his tent. After ignoring this prodigy battle commenced and he was killed by the Parthians.” C. Claudio M. Perperna http://www.alexthenice.com/obsequens/text/28.html |
| Continued click her for Timeline 131 BC – 160 BC |
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